Morphology

Morphology merupakan bisang ilmu yang membahas kata dasar dan imbuhan. Objek dari morphology adalah morpheme. Secara garis besar, morpheme dibagi menjadi free morpheme dan bound morpheme.

Free Morpheme

            Free morpheme (FM) adalah kata yang dapat berdiri sendiri dan berpotensi membentuk kata. Jenis FM ada dua, yaitu lexical morpheme dan functional morpheme. Lexical morpheme dapat menerima imbuhan baik suffix atupun prefix. Sebagai contoh:

Noun	House	+	s	Houses
Adjective	Un	+	Happy	Unhappy
Verb	Write	+	s	Writes
Adverb	Slow	+	ly	Slowly

Sementara itu, functional morpheme tidak dapat menerima imbuhan, diantaranya:

1.      Pronoun: I, You, They, We, He, She, It

2.      Conjunction: And, But, Before, ... etc

3.      Preposition: In, At, On, ... etc

4.      Interjection: Ah, Hai, Hallo, Wow, ... etc

5.      Article: A, An, The

6.      Demostrative: That, This, These, Those

Bound Morpheme

            Bound Morpheme (BM) merupakan morpheme yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, tidak berpotensi membentuk kata namun berpotensi membentuk imbuhan. Adapun jenisnya adalah Derivational Morpheme (DM) dan Inflectional Morpheme (IM). DM dapat membentuk kata baru. Sedangkan makna dan kelas kata dapat berubah atau tidak. DM terbagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu:

a.       Derivational prefix: Irregular, Dislike

b.      Derivational suffix: Careless, Fortunately

            Kata irregular dan dislike di atas telah mendapatkan prefix ir dan dis. Penambahan prefix di atas jelas merubah maknanya bahkan menjadi antonim dari kata asalnya yaitu regular dan like. Meski demikian, kelas kata tidak mengalami perubahan yaitu tetap adjective (irregular dan regular) dan verb transitif (like dan dislike). Seringkali, kata-kata yang dibentuk DM mengubah kelas katanya, misal —ness mengubah adjective good menjadi noun goodness.

            Sementara itu, IM tidak dapat membentuk kata baru. Makna dan kelas kata tidak berubah. Lebih tepatnya, IM digunakan untuk kebutuhan grammar misalnya untuk menunjukkan apakah suatu kata plural atau singular noun, past atau bukan, atau apakah comparative atau possesive. Misalnya morpheme —ed ditambahkan pada verb produce untuk membentuk past tense produced, morpheme —est ditambahkan pada adjective tall untuk membentuk superlative tallest.  

IELTS Task 1 Writing Example Band 7.0

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

A research about the number of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999 was undertook. These families were split into several clusters and counted based on their percentage and number in the same group. The main purpose of this research was to observe their proportion which was described in two forms, percentages and numbers.

Apropos to the table, all households involved in this research were 1,837,000 which projected 11% of families in Australia. The categories of family both single with no children and sole parent were higher than other groups which reached 19% and 21% respectively. This was then followed by family type couple with children by 12%. There was no significant differences among these groups, that are, single aged person (6%), aged couple (4%), and couple with no children (7%).

It should be remarkably noted that the higher percentage did not fully mean the higher their number. For instance, sole parent whose percentage is by 21% (the highest percentage) had the proportion which reached 232,000. On the other hand, the number of couple with no children whose percentage was only 12% was much higher than that of the previous group, that was, 933,000.

To sum up, single or couple did not influence the proportion of poverty. It was probably caused by their circumstances where they live.

IELTS Task 1 Example Writing Band 7.5

The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in winter and summer. the pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The survey measuring electricity demand and its use in home is undertaken in England. The main purpose of this research is to know the demand for electricity during winter and summer as well as to investigate how the electricity is used.

Apropos to the first graph, electrical consumption in winter is generally much higher than in summer. However, both of them have the similar pattern based on hours when they use it. The lowest consumption of electicity is in around 9.00 am which reaches by approximately 13.000 and 30.000 units of electricity for summer and winter respectively. In addition, there is also a plateau pattern from 3.00 pm to 9.00 pm by about 18.000 (in winter) and 41.000 (in summer).

Furthermore, based on the second chart, heating concivably needs the most electricity use. The diagram shows that heating room and water consume more than 50% of electrical use. 17.5% of electrical use is used for ovens, kettles, and washing machines. And the lowest one is for electronic device such as radio, television, lighting, food mixers and vacuum cleaners by 15%.     

To conclusion, the season is most likely the primary factor affecting electricity use in England. Electronical tools undeniebly become most electricity-consuming hardware.

This example wirting was proofread by E-rater in testbig. 

IELTS Task 2 Writing Example Band 6.5

Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?

Everyone in the world undoubtedly want to be happy. There is an interested discussion about what intimately happiness is. It is because nobody can explain clearly its definition. This writing is going to discuss the definition of happiness and what factors affecting it.

There is an argument that defining happiness is completely incomprehensible. In my point of view, the main reason why people are difficult to define it because of its characteristic, exactly where it is in human’s life. The happiness is entirely about privacy. To find its meaning, people probably have different view. Why their views are dissimilar? Due to extremely personal, people are free to decide what things which bring them to be happy persons. Many people feel pleasure due to their family. This means that family are like a key to achieve happiness.

What people commonly think of how to reach happiness plays an essential part to know factors affecting people’s happiness. Some people probably have a consideration that money is the major factor that provides them happiness. For this reason, people are encouraged to have great job which enables to pay them high salary. With earning much money, how to fulfill their dreams is unquestionably effortless.

Nevertheless, others think that health is the most valuable factor in life. Even though many reach people are able to realize their dream, the fact shows that most of them eventually have to end their life on wheelchair because of illness. For this reason, the latter people prefer to live with healthy life. With healthy body, they have time to smile and enjoy life without any disease destroying their beautiful life.

To sum up, although there are pros and cons about the real happiness, I strongly believe that it is much better if people own both prosperity and health. The combination of them undeniably brings people the ultimate happiness.

This writing was proofread by E-rater in testbig.

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