Morphology

Morphology merupakan bisang ilmu yang membahas kata dasar dan imbuhan. Objek dari morphology adalah morpheme. Secara garis besar, morpheme dibagi menjadi free morpheme dan bound morpheme.

Free Morpheme

            Free morpheme (FM) adalah kata yang dapat berdiri sendiri dan berpotensi membentuk kata. Jenis FM ada dua, yaitu lexical morpheme dan functional morpheme. Lexical morpheme dapat menerima imbuhan baik suffix atupun prefix. Sebagai contoh:

Noun	House	+	s	Houses
Adjective	Un	+	Happy	Unhappy
Verb	Write	+	s	Writes
Adverb	Slow	+	ly	Slowly

Sementara itu, functional morpheme tidak dapat menerima imbuhan, diantaranya:

1.      Pronoun: I, You, They, We, He, She, It

2.      Conjunction: And, But, Before, ... etc

3.      Preposition: In, At, On, ... etc

4.      Interjection: Ah, Hai, Hallo, Wow, ... etc

5.      Article: A, An, The

6.      Demostrative: That, This, These, Those

Bound Morpheme

            Bound Morpheme (BM) merupakan morpheme yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri, tidak berpotensi membentuk kata namun berpotensi membentuk imbuhan. Adapun jenisnya adalah Derivational Morpheme (DM) dan Inflectional Morpheme (IM). DM dapat membentuk kata baru. Sedangkan makna dan kelas kata dapat berubah atau tidak. DM terbagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu:

a.       Derivational prefix: Irregular, Dislike

b.      Derivational suffix: Careless, Fortunately

            Kata irregular dan dislike di atas telah mendapatkan prefix ir dan dis. Penambahan prefix di atas jelas merubah maknanya bahkan menjadi antonim dari kata asalnya yaitu regular dan like. Meski demikian, kelas kata tidak mengalami perubahan yaitu tetap adjective (irregular dan regular) dan verb transitif (like dan dislike). Seringkali, kata-kata yang dibentuk DM mengubah kelas katanya, misal —ness mengubah adjective good menjadi noun goodness.

            Sementara itu, IM tidak dapat membentuk kata baru. Makna dan kelas kata tidak berubah. Lebih tepatnya, IM digunakan untuk kebutuhan grammar misalnya untuk menunjukkan apakah suatu kata plural atau singular noun, past atau bukan, atau apakah comparative atau possesive. Misalnya morpheme —ed ditambahkan pada verb produce untuk membentuk past tense produced, morpheme —est ditambahkan pada adjective tall untuk membentuk superlative tallest.  

IELTS Task 1 Writing Example Band 7.0

The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

A research about the number of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999 was undertook. These families were split into several clusters and counted based on their percentage and number in the same group. The main purpose of this research was to observe their proportion which was described in two forms, percentages and numbers.

Apropos to the table, all households involved in this research were 1,837,000 which projected 11% of families in Australia. The categories of family both single with no children and sole parent were higher than other groups which reached 19% and 21% respectively. This was then followed by family type couple with children by 12%. There was no significant differences among these groups, that are, single aged person (6%), aged couple (4%), and couple with no children (7%).

It should be remarkably noted that the higher percentage did not fully mean the higher their number. For instance, sole parent whose percentage is by 21% (the highest percentage) had the proportion which reached 232,000. On the other hand, the number of couple with no children whose percentage was only 12% was much higher than that of the previous group, that was, 933,000.

To sum up, single or couple did not influence the proportion of poverty. It was probably caused by their circumstances where they live.